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¿Por qué tantas personas que padecen artritis no encuentran alivio?
Nuestra sociedad ha sido programada para creer que los problemas médicos complejos se pueden solucionar con soluciones simples.
Todos los que lean este artículo probablemente hayan visto miles de comerciales de televisión que promueven el alivio inmediato del dolor de la artritis tomando la marca correcta de aspirina, ibuprofeno, paracetamol o naproxeno.
Si una persona que sufre de artritis toma cualquiera de estos analgésicos de manera constante (en dosis aprobadas por la FDA), es probable que experimente efectos secundarios potencialmente mortales, como insuficiencia renal, insuficiencia hepática o hemorragia gástrica.1-8
Los enfoques naturales, por otro lado, como el aceite de pescado y la curcumina brindan numerosos beneficios secundarios que salvan vidas, además de ayudar a aliviar el malestar articular crónico.9-40
La industria farmacéutica se ha centrado en desarrollar una sola intervención farmacológica a la vez para tratar una causa subyacente de la artritis. Esta estrategia no solo ha fallado en abordar los muchos factores relacionados con la edad involucrados en la osteoartritis, sino que también ha llevado a que se produzcan desequilibrios metabólicos letales en el cuerpo.
Cuando se aprobaron por primera vez los medicamentos inhibidores de la COX-2 como Vioxx® y Bextra®, Life Extension® advirtió que al bloquear solo la enzima COX-2 (y no también la COX-1 y la 5-LOX), los usuarios de estos medicamentos aumentaban el riesgo de infarto y accidente cerebrovascular. Si bien la mayoría de nuestros miembros se salvaron de estos efectos secundarios letales, decenas de miles de estadounidenses fallecieron antes de que se retiraran estos inhibidores de la COX-2.41
Lo que nadie ha hecho hasta ahora es amalgamar todas las causas subyacentes conocidas de la artritis para que los legos y los médicos puedan entender por qué el alivio a largo plazo requiere un enfoque múltiple.
La buena noticia para los miembros de Life Extension® es que ya utilizan muchas formas naturales para mejorar la estructura y función de las articulaciones que brindan un alivio considerable de las molestias en las articulaciones. Las siguientes dos páginas brindan una descripción general de doce mecanismos subyacentes involucrados en la osteoartritis y métodos seguros para eludir cada uno de ellos.
Doce causas corregibles de osteoartritis
Como tantas enfermedades del envejecimiento, la artritis normalmente no es causada por un solo factor. En cambio, múltiples mecanismos conspiran para destruir lentamente el cartílago que recubre nuestras articulaciones. La siguiente ilustración revela las causas subyacentes de la artritis y los pasos simples que puede seguir para frustrarlas.
El exceso de peso corporal puede conducir a la artritis. Esto sucede no solo porque las cargas mecánicas más pesadas generan un mayor estrés físico sobre el tejido conectivo y las superficies articulares, sino también por el efecto que tiene el exceso de grasa en el aumento de las moléculas inflamatorias que atacan y dañan el cartílago articular. La pérdida de peso es una forma eficaz de protegerse contra el exceso de estrés articular que puede contribuir a la artritis.42-46
El trauma físico de alto impacto puede dañar las articulaciones. Si bien los beneficios del ejercicio no pueden subestimarse, el ejercicio repetitivo y de alto impacto como correr puede exponer las articulaciones (especialmente en la cadera y la rodilla) a altas cargas mecánicas que pueden contribuir al daño articular con el tiempo. Participar en ejercicios que desarrollen fuerza muscular y flexibilidad sin traumatismos articulares repetitivos puede reducir las complicaciones de la artritis.47-49
La prostaglandina E2 causa dolor e inflamación en las articulaciones. La enzima que convierte el ácido araquidónico en prostaglandina E2 en el cuerpo se llama COX-2 (ciclooxigenasa-2).50 Los medicamentos que inhiben solo la COX-2 (como Vioxx® y Bextra®) aumentan el riesgo de ataques cardíacos porque crean efectos adversos sobre enzimas críticas en las células endoteliales vasculares que recubren las paredes de los vasos sanguíneos.51 Las formas seguras de inhibir la COX-2 y la subsiguiente producción de prostaglandina E2 son seguir una dieta baja en ácido araquidónico, tomar una tableta de aspirina de dosis baja (81 mg) cada día y complementar con nutrientes como resveratrol, extracto de té verde, silimarina y quercetina.52-67
El leucotrieno B4 destruye el cartílago articular. La enzima que convierte el ácido araquidónico en leucotrieno B4 en el cuerpo se llama 5-LOX (5-lipoxigenasa).68,69 Las formas seguras de inhibir la 5-LOX y la posterior producción de leucotrieno B4 son seguir una dieta baja en ácido araquidónico. y complementar con nutrientes como curcumina, boswellia y aceite de pescado.70-83
El factor nuclear kappaB enciende la producción de moléculas inflamatorias sistémicas que atacan los revestimientos de las articulaciones. El factor nuclear kappaB (NF-kB) se puede suprimir con extractos de plantas como ajo, jengibre, curcumina y silimarina, junto con concentrados de aceite de pescado y antioxidantes.61-63, 84-91
El envejecimiento a menudo resulta en una pérdida acelerada del cartílago articular protector. Los nutrientes que ayudan a reconstruir el cartílago incluyen glucosamina, condroitina y MSM (metilsulfonilmetano).92-104 Es poco probable que estos nutrientes logren resultados completos si los factores inflamatorios crónicos continúan atacando el cartílago articular.
Investigaciones recientes han sugerido que la "sensibilidad" del sistema inmunitario juega un papel importante en la osteoartritis.105 Hace tiempo que se sabe que la hiperreactividad del sistema inmunitario (autoinmunidad) juega un papel importante en la artritis reumatoide.106,107 La investigación de vanguardia en la osteoartritis más prevalente sugiere que las células T "sensibilizadas" atacan el colágeno articular y contribuyen directamente al daño articular.106-108 El colágeno tipo II sin desnaturalizar en dosis bajas (40 mg) ayuda a regular la función inmunitaria para que las células T no se cartílago.108-110
El ácido hialurónico es un componente principal del tejido articular. Su función natural es la de lubricar y amortiguar la articulación de impactos repetidos.111 También interviene en la regeneración del cartílago. Un efecto notable del ácido hialurónico es inhibir una enzima llamada matriz metaloproteinasa-13 que degrada el cartílago articular.112-114 El ácido hialurónico no se absorbe bien por sí mismo, pero cuando se disuelve en una solución rica en fosfolípidos115 como el aceite de krill, su se mejora la absorción.
Las citocinas inflamatorias, como el factor de necrosis tumoral alfa, atacan directamente el revestimiento de las articulaciones. El aceite de krill reduce la infiltración de citocinas destructivas en el revestimiento de las articulaciones.116,117 La astaxantina reduce la producción de citocinas inflamatorias.118-120
La disfunción mitocondrial interfiere con los procesos de reparación juvenil en la articulación.121 Los nutrientes que protegen la función mitocondrial incluyen CoQ10,122-125 ácido lipoico,126-130 carnitina,130-134 y PQQ (pirroloquinolina quinona).135-137
Los radicales libres están fuertemente involucrados en la destrucción conjunta. El uso diario de antioxidantes como el ácido lipoico y la astaxantina brinda una protección considerable.138-144
La prostaglandina E1 es una sustancia similar a la hormona supresora de la inflamación natural. Proviene de un ácido graso llamado ácido gamma-linolénico (GLA) que se obtiene en la dieta o a través de suplementos como el aceite de borraja o el aceite de onagra.145 Se determina si el GLA se convierte en ácido araquidónico proinflamatorio o prostaglandina E1 antiinflamatoria. por una enzima en el cuerpo que está regulada por los lignanos de sésamo.146-151 Quienes obtienen lignanos de sésamo en sus suplementos ya se benefician porque es más probable que el GLA obtenido de fuentes dietéticas se convierta en prostaglandina E1. Quienes toman suplementos como el aceite de borraja deberían asegúrese de que el aceite de borraja también contenga al menos 10 mg de lignanos de sésamo estandarizados.
Material utilizado con permiso de Life Extension. Reservados todos los derechos.
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